Ultimate Guide: Official Drone Maps & Rules by Country

Drone flights in Albania are permitted under the supervision of the Albanian Civil Aviation Authority (CAA Albania). Albania has not yet fully adopted the EASA framework and operates under its own national legislation. Drones under 250 g fall into the free category and require no registration or licence for recreational flights. Drones above 250 g must be registered with the CAA and the pilot must hold a valid certificate. Basic categories: Category A (up to 900 g, open), Category B (900 g–4 kg), Category C (4–25 kg). Maximum altitude 120 m AGL, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas include Tirana, Vlorë and Sarandë airports, military facilities and border zones. Commercial operations require an operating certificate from the CAA. Visitors are advised to verify current rules directly with the CAA before flying.

Andorra is a small principality with no ICAO airspace of its own — it shares airspace with France and Spain. Drones are subject to a combination of DGAC (France) and AESA (Spain) rules, both under the EASA framework. Drones under 250 g (C0) without a camera require no registration for recreational use; a camera-equipped drone is recommended to be registered. Drones above 250 g require registration in the relevant neighbouring system (DGAC or AESA). EASA categories apply: Open (A1/A2/A3), Specific, Certified. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Andorra has no interactive drone map of its own — use the French Géoportail or the Spanish ENAIRE platform. Historic centres and proximity to airports in neighbouring countries create numerous restrictions. Coordinate commercial flights with the authorities of both neighbouring countries.

Austria fully implements the EASA framework (EU 2019/947) with local additions. Flights are permitted for both recreational and commercial purposes. Drones under 250 g (class C0) without a camera need no registration; C0 drones with a camera require operator registration. Drones 250 g–900 g (C1): registration + online theory test; 900 g–4 kg (C2): registration + A2 CofC; 4–25 kg (C3/C4): registration + A2 CofC or higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. National parks (Hohe Tauern, Gesäuse, Nockberge) have their own flight bans — always check the Austro Control UTM/Dronespace map. Vienna airspace is heavily restricted. Commercial operators need an operational authorisation (STS or specific approval). The Dronespace map shows all zones in real time.

Drone flights in Belarus are possible but subject to strict regulation by the State Aviation Committee. Drones under 250 g are classified as "micro-UAS" and do not require formal registration for recreation, but all flight bans still apply. Drones 250 g–30 kg must be registered and the pilot must hold a competency certificate. Basic categories: ultra-light (<250 g), light (250 g–30 kg), medium (30–150 kg). Maximum altitude 100–150 m AGL depending on zone, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Minsk and airport surroundings (8 km), borders with Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine, government facilities. Border zones have additional restrictions due to the current geopolitical situation. Commercial flights require a special permit from CAA Belarus. Foreign visitors should consult a local aviation partner.

Belgium implements the EASA framework and operates the Droneguide platform with an interactive zone map. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped C0 drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2 (900 g–4 kg): registration + A2 CofC; C3/C4 (4–25 kg): registration + higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Brussels is almost entirely covered by restricted zones (TFA) — flying over the capital without a specific permit is effectively impossible. Coastal areas and campsites have seasonal restrictions. Commercial operators must hold a Belgian UAS operator certificate. The Droneguide.be platform offers maps, online registration and flight approval.

Drone flights in Bosnia and Herzegovina are permitted under the supervision of the BHDCA (Bosnia and Herzegovina Directorate of Civil Aviation). The country is not an EU member but harmonises its rules with the EASA framework. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category and recreational flights without special permission are generally possible; a camera-equipped drone is recommended to be registered. Drones 250 g–25 kg must be registered and the pilot must complete training. Basic categories: ultra-light (<250 g), light (250 g–25 kg), heavy (above 25 kg). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Sarajevo, Mostar and Banja Luka airports, military bases and state borders. Commercial operations require BHDCA approval. Visitors are advised to contact the BHDCA before flying.

Bulgaria fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the General Directorate of Civil Aviation (GCAA). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2 (900 g–4 kg): A2 CofC; C3/C4 (4–25 kg): higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Sofia airspace is heavily restricted; the Black Sea coast has seasonal flight bans during the tourist season. Nature reserves and mountain passes in the Rila and Balkan ranges may have local restrictions. Registration is handled through the GCAA portal. Commercial operators must hold a Bulgarian UAS operator certificate.

Croatia fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of CCAA (Croatia Control). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2 (900 g–4 kg): A2 CofC; C3/C4 (4–25 kg): higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. The Adriatic coastline and islands have dense restrictions — especially during the tourist season (June–September). Dubrovnik and its historic centre are almost entirely covered by restricted zones. National parks Plitvice, Krka and Kornati have their own flight bans. The AMC Croatia platform shows all zones and allows online permit applications.

Cyprus implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the Department of Civil Aviation (DCA). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: registration, online tests or A2 CofC. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Northern Cyprus under Turkish administration has different rules — island-wide flights are complicated by the political division. Tourist resorts in Limassol, Larnaca and Ayia Napa have dense restrictions. The UNFICYP military zone and border area are strictly off-limits. The drones.gov.cy portal handles registration and permit applications. Commercial operators must hold a DCA certificate.

The Czech Republic fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the CAA (Civil Aviation Authority — ÚCL). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) without a camera require no registration; C0 drones with a camera or bearing a UAS class mark require operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online knowledge test; C2 (900 g–4 kg): registration + A2 CofC exam at the CAA; C3/C4 (4–25 kg): special authorisation or STS. Maximum altitude 120 m AGL (lower in controlled airspace), VLOS mandatory. Prague and its surroundings have extensive CTR zones — flying over Prague is practically impossible without ATC approval. Protected landscape areas and national parks have their own flight bans. Registration, maps and permits are handled through DronView (dronview.rlp.cz). Commercial operators with non-standard operations require specific approvals.

Denmark fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of DCAA (Danish Civil Aviation and Railway Authority). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2 (900 g–4 kg): A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Greenland and the Faroe Islands have their own rules that differ from mainland Denmark. Coastlines and nature reserves have seasonal restrictions (particularly during nesting season). Copenhagen airspace is heavily restricted. The Droneregler.dk platform shows all zones and allows online registration. Commercial operators must hold a DCAA certificate.

Estonia fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the ECAA (Estonian Civil Aviation Administration). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2 (900 g–4 kg): A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Tallinn and the surroundings of Tallinn Airport are heavily restricted. Saaremaa and other islands have restrictions during the tourist season. The border with Russia is a sensitive area. The EANS Droonikaart portal shows all zones in real time. Commercial operators must hold an Estonian operator certificate.

Finland fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of Traficom (Finnish Transport and Communications Agency). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: registration, online tests or A2 CofC. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Finland has vast open landscapes where flying is relatively unrestricted — limitations are concentrated around Helsinki and airports. Lapland nature parks have seasonal restrictions. The border with Russia is strictly off-limits. The AviaMaps platform (aviamaps.com) shows Finnish zones. Commercial operators need a Traficom certificate.

France implements the EASA framework with national additions under the supervision of the DGAC. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce once conditions are met. Drones under 800 g without a camera fall under the free category (A1) with no registration; any drone with a camera or above 800 g requires registration + online test (DGAC Formation en ligne). Drones 800 g–4 kg: A2 CofC; 4–25 kg: special authorisation or STS. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Paris is almost entirely covered by restricted zones — flights over Paris are prohibited without a specific permit. Coastlines, national parks and historic monuments have dense restrictions. Registration and the interactive map are available on Géoportail.gouv.fr. Commercial operators must hold a DGAC certificate.

Germany implements the EASA framework with strict local rules under the supervision of the LBA and regional authorities (Länder). Drones under 250 g (C0) require operator registration (EU Operator Registration) and a basic knowledge test — Germany is stricter than most EU countries and requires registration even for sub-250 g camera drones. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2 (900 g–4 kg): A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation or STS. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Specific German rules: over residential areas max. 100 m without a permit; filming private property requires the landowner's consent. Restricted areas: Berlin, airport surroundings (1.5 km CTR), industrial plants, court buildings and prisons. Zone map: MapTool-DIPUL (LBA). Commercial operators require specific approval from the LBA or the relevant Länder authority.

Greece fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the HCAA (Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2: A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Greece has special restrictions over UNESCO archaeological sites (Acropolis, Delphi, Olympia, Knossos) — flights are prohibited without a specific permit. Military islands in the Aegean Sea are strictly off-limits. Tourist resorts on islands (Santorini, Mykonos, Corfu) have dense CTR zones around airports. The DAGR HCAA map shows all zones. Commercial operators need an HCAA operator certificate.

Hungary fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the Hungarian Aviation Authority (NKOH/CAA). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: registration, online tests, A2 CofC. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Budapest and the surroundings of Budapest Liszt Ferenc Airport are heavily restricted. Areas near borders with Romania and Serbia have local restrictions. National parks Hortobágy and Balaton have seasonal restrictions. The Légter platform (terkep.legter.hu) shows all zones and allows permit applications. Commercial operators must hold a Hungarian operator certificate.

Iceland implements the EASA framework as an EEA member under the supervision of Samgöngustofa (Icelandic Transport Authority). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules apply. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Iceland has no public interactive drone map — zones must be verified directly with Samgöngustofa or via NOTAM. National parks (Þingvellir, Vatnajökull, Snæfellsnes) have flight bans in sensitive areas. Reykjavík and the surroundings of Keflavík Airport are heavily restricted. Geothermal areas and active volcanoes are hazardous zones. Commercial operators need Samgöngustofa approval.

Ireland fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the IAA (Irish Aviation Authority). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2: A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Dublin, Cork and Shannon have extensive CTR zones. The Atlantic coastline — including the Cliffs of Moher — is popular but surrounded by restricted zones that must be checked. Nature reserves and bird protection areas have seasonal restrictions. The IAA UAS Geographic Zones Viewer shows all zones. Commercial operators must hold an IAA operator certificate.

Italy implements the EASA framework under the supervision of ENAC (Ente Nazionale per l'Aviazione Civile) with its own D-Flight platform. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped or class-marked drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2: A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Rome (CTR Ciampino, CTR Fiumicino) is heavily restricted; the historic centres of Rome, Florence and Venice are effectively off-limits without a permit. Coastlines and nature parks (Dolomites, Cinque Terre) have their own restrictions. D-Flight (d-flight.it) is the mandatory platform for registration, maps and flight authorisations in Italy. Commercial operators must hold an ENAC certificate.

Kosovo regulates drones through the CAA-KS (Kosovo Civil Aviation Authority). As an EU candidate country, it is harmonising its rules with the EASA framework. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category; recreational flights without a camera are generally registration-free, while a camera-equipped drone is recommended to be registered. Drones above 250 g must be registered with the CAA-KS. Basic categories by weight: light, medium, heavy. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. The surroundings of Pristina and Adem Jashari International Airport are heavily restricted. Border areas — particularly with Serbia — are sensitive zones. Commercial operations require CAA-KS approval. The situation in the country is stable, but always check the latest NOTAMs and maps before flying.

Latvia fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of CAA Latvia and LGS (Latvian Air Navigation Services). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Riga and the surroundings of Riga International Airport are heavily restricted. The Baltic Sea coastline has restrictions during the tourist season. The borders with Russia and Belarus are sensitive areas. The Airspace.lv/drones platform shows all zones and allows permit applications. Commercial operators must hold a Latvian UAS certificate.

Liechtenstein has no aviation authority of its own and fully uses the Swiss FOCA (BAZL) system and Swiss aviation law. Flights follow the same rules as in Switzerland. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — no registration required for recreational flights without a camera; a camera-equipped drone must be registered in the Swiss U-Space system. Drones 250 g–25 kg must be registered and the pilot needs an A1/A3 or A2 certificate (online test/FOCA exam). Basic categories: Open (A1/A2/A3), Specific, Certified. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Flights over Vaduz and militarily sensitive areas require a permit. The Swiss U-Space platform (app.swissuspace.ch) is the mandatory platform for Liechtenstein as well. Commercial operators must hold a Swiss UAS operator certificate.

Lithuania fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the CAA Lithuania (Civilinės aviacijos administracija) and ORAN (Lithuanian air navigation service). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Vilnius, Kaunas and airport surroundings are heavily restricted. The borders with Russia (Kaliningrad exclave) and Belarus are sensitive areas with strict restrictions. The ORAN platform (oran.lt) shows all zones and allows applications. Commercial operators must hold a Lithuanian UAS certificate.

Luxembourg fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the DAC (Direction de l'Aviation Civile). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Luxembourg City and the surroundings of Findel Airport are heavily restricted. Given the small size of Luxembourg, borders with neighbouring countries are reached quickly — always monitor which national airspace you are operating in. The Geoportail Luxembourg platform shows UAS zones. Commercial operators need a DAC certificate.

Malta implements the EASA framework under the supervision of CAA Malta (Transport Malta – ATCD) with the TMCAD/idronect platform. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Malta is a small island with a dense airspace — the surroundings of Valletta, Malta International Airport (Luqa) and the military area are extensively restricted. Popular tourist spots (Azure Window, Gozo) require zone verification. The TMCAD platform (tmcad.idronect.com) is the mandatory platform for planning flights in Malta. Commercial operators must hold a CAA Malta certificate.

Moldova regulates drones through ANACIM (Moldovan Civil Aviation Authority). Flights are permitted but require conditions to be met. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires registration with ANACIM. Drones 250 g–25 kg must be registered and the pilot must complete training. Basic categories: light, medium, heavy. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. The surroundings of Chișinău Airport and areas adjacent to the Transnistrian separatist region are sensitive. Military facilities and state borders are off-limits. Commercial operations require ANACIM approval. Moldova is harmonising its rules with EASA but, as a non-EU state, has its own legislation.

Monaco has no aviation authority of its own and shares airspace with France — flights are fully governed by the French DGAC and the EASA framework. Drones under 800 g without a camera fall under the free category A1; drones with a camera or above 800 g require registration in the French system. Monaco City is almost entirely within the dense controlled airspace of Nice CTR — flights are virtually impossible without a specific permit. A2 CofC is required for drones 800 g–4 kg. Maximum altitude 120 m (but Nice TMA airspace may limit this further), VLOS mandatory. France designates Monaco as a special zone with additional restrictions. Commercial operators must hold a DGAC certificate. Prior consultation with the DGAC is strongly recommended for any planned flight.

Montenegro regulates drones through the CAA of Montenegro and is harmonising its rules with EASA. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped drone is recommended to be registered. Drones 250 g–25 kg: registration + appropriate authorisation by weight. Basic categories: Open (A1/A2/A3), Specific, Certified. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. The Adriatic coastline and tourist resorts (Budva, Kotor) have restrictions during the tourist season. The Bay of Kotor is a UNESCO site with special restrictions. Durmitor National Park has flight bans. Commercial operators must hold a CAA Montenegro certificate.

The Netherlands fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the ILT (Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport) and LVNL. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2: A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the EU — restricted zones cover a large part of the territory. Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague are practically impossible to fly over without a permit. The North Sea coast and the Hoge Veluwe National Park have seasonal restrictions. The GoDrone.nl platform shows all zones. Commercial operators need an ILT certificate.

North Macedonia regulates drones through the CAA of North Macedonia and is actively harmonising its rules with EASA. Flights are permitted. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped drone is recommended to be registered. Drones 250 g–25 kg: registration + appropriate authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. The surroundings of Skopje Airport (Alexander the Great) and Ohrid Airport are restricted. Lake Ohrid, as a UNESCO site, has special restrictions. Borders with Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Kosovo are sensitive zones. Commercial operations require CAA approval. Maps and regulations are available on the CAA MK website.

Norway fully implements the EASA framework as an EEA member under the supervision of Luftfartstilsynet (Norwegian CAA). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Norway has vast open landscapes where flying is relatively unrestricted — restrictions concentrate around Oslo, airports and nature reserves. Norwegian national parks (Jotunheimen, Hardangervidda) have bans in bird protection areas. The border with Russia (Finnmark) is a sensitive area. The SafeToFly.no platform shows all zones. Commercial operators need a Norwegian certificate.

Poland fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the CAA Poland (ULC) with its own DroneMap PANSA platform. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2: A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Warsaw, Kraków and major Polish cities have extensive CTR zones. The borders with Russia (Kaliningrad exclave), Belarus and Ukraine are sensitive areas with strict restrictions. DroneMap.pansa.pl is the mandatory platform for planning and authorising flights in Poland. Commercial operators must hold a ULC certificate.

Portugal fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of ANAC Portugal. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Lisbon, Porto and the surroundings of Humberto Delgado and Francisco Sá Carneiro airports are heavily restricted. The Algarve and Atlantic coast have restrictions during the tourist season. Nature parks in the Alentejo, Serra da Estrela and the Azores have local restrictions. The UAS.anac.pt platform offers registration and a zone map. Commercial operators need an ANAC certificate. The Azores and Madeira follow the same rules as mainland Portugal.

Romania fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the RCAA (Romanian Civil Aeronautical Authority) and ROMATSA. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Bucharest (Otopeni CTR) and major Romanian cities have extensive CTR zones. The Danube Delta UNESCO Biosphere Reserve has restrictions to protect birdlife. The borders with Moldova and Ukraine are sensitive areas. The ROMATSA/FlightPlan platform shows zones and allows applications. Commercial operators must hold an RCAA certificate.

San Marino is an enclave within Italy with no aviation authority of its own — the airspace is fully managed by ENAC (Italy). The same rules as Italy apply and the mandatory platform is D-Flight. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone must be registered in D-Flight. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA/ENAC rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. The UNESCO historic centre of San Marino is a sensitive area — flights require ENAC approval. The airspace of Rimini CTR and airports in the Emilia-Romagna region affects flights in the area. Commercial operators must hold an ENAC certificate. Register your drone in the Italian D-Flight system for any planned flight.

Serbia regulates drones through the CAD (Civil Aviation Directorate of Serbia) and is harmonising its rules with EASA. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped drone is recommended to be registered. Drones 250 g–25 kg must be registered and the pilot must hold the appropriate authorisation. Basic categories: Open (A1/A2/A3), Specific, Certified. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Belgrade (LYBE CTR) and Nikola Tesla Airport are heavily restricted. The Kosovo border area is sensitive. National parks Kopaonik, Tara and Fruška Gora have local restrictions. Commercial operators need a CAD certificate.

Slovakia fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the DCA SR (Transport Authority, aviation division). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2: A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Bratislava and the surroundings of Bratislava and Košice airports are heavily restricted. The Tatra National Park (TANAP) and Pieniny NP have flight bans in protected areas. The border with Ukraine is a sensitive area. The GIS LPS platform (gis.lps.sk) shows all zones. Commercial operators must hold a DCA SR certificate.

Slovenia fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of the Slovenian Civil Aviation Agency (CAA Slovenia). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Ljubljana (LJLJ CTR) and the surroundings of Brnik Airport are heavily restricted. Triglav National Park has strict flight bans to protect nature. The Adriatic coast (Piran, Portorož) has restrictions during the tourist season. The CAA ArcGIS platform shows all zones. Commercial operators must hold a CAA certificate.

Spain implements the EASA framework under the supervision of AESA (Agencia Estatal de Seguridad Aérea) with its own ENAIRE Drones platform. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1 (250–900 g): registration + online test; C2: A2 CofC; C3/C4: higher authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Madrid, Barcelona, Seville and major Spanish cities have extensive CTR zones. Spain has strict beach rules — flying over beaches with people is generally prohibited. National parks (Coto Doñana, Teide) have flight bans. The Canary Islands and Balearic Islands fall under Spanish national rules. The ENAIRE Drones platform (drones.enaire.es) shows all zones.

Sweden fully implements the EASA framework under the supervision of Transportstyrelsen (Swedish Transport Agency). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g (C0) need no registration without a camera; a camera-equipped drone requires operator registration. C1–C4 by weight: standard EASA rules. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö have heavily restricted airspace. Sweden has extensive open landscapes where flying is generally unrestricted — limitations concentrate around airports and national parks. Borders with Finland and Norway are unrestricted; the Baltic Sea border with Russia is sensitive. The DAIM/DroneChart platform (daim.lfv.se) shows all zones. Commercial operators need a Transportstyrelsen certificate.

Switzerland, as a non-EU member, applies its own rules under the supervision of FOCA (Federal Office of Civil Aviation / BAZL) with the Swiss U-Space platform. Rules are comparable to EASA but have specific features. Drones under 250 g without a camera and without autonomous flight modes need no registration; drones with a camera or above 250 g must be registered in Swiss U-Space (app.swissuspace.ch). Drones 250 g–25 kg: registration + A1/A3 online course; for flights closer to people, A2 CofC is required. Maximum altitude 120 m (150 m with a permit), VLOS mandatory. The Alps, Engadin National Park and the Bernese Oberland have restrictions — flights above 150 m in mountains or in nature reserves require a permit. Zurich, Geneva and Basel have extensive CTR zones. Commercial operators need a FOCA certificate. Swiss U-Space is the mandatory platform for flight planning.

Turkey regulates drones through the SHGM (Directorate General of Civil Aviation). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce after registration. Drones under 500 g fall into the lightest category and do not require formal registration for recreation; protected area bans still apply. Drones 500 g–4 kg must be registered on the IHA.shgm.gov.tr portal; 4–25 kg require an operator certificate. Foreign nationals must apply for a special permit for commercial flights. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir have extensive CTR zones. Tourist destinations (Ephesus, Cappadocia) have special restrictions and Cappadocia has hot-air balloon zones. Borders with Syria, Iraq, Iran and Armenia are sensitive areas. The IHA.shgm.gov.tr platform is the mandatory registration platform.

The United Kingdom operates its own system post-Brexit under the supervision of the UK CAA (Civil Aviation Authority). Rules are similar to EASA but legislatively separate. Every pilot must hold a Flyer ID (free online test) and every operator of a camera-equipped drone or one above 250 g must have an Operator ID (annual fee £10.33). Drones under 250 g without a camera require no Operator ID or registration, but the pilot must hold a Flyer ID; sub-250 g camera drones require an Operator ID. Drones 250 g–25 kg: Flyer ID + Operator ID mandatory. A2 CoC required for flights closer to people (50 m without CoC, 30 m with CoC). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. London, Edinburgh and major UK cities have extensive FRZ (Flight Restriction Zones). The NATS Drone Scene platform (dronescene.co.uk) shows zones and FRZs. Commercial operators require UK GVC or PFAW authorisation.

Canada regulates drones through Transport Canada under the supervision of NAV CANADA. Basic split: recreational drones under 250 g are subject to basic safety rules (RPAS Safety Rules) but require no registration or pilot certificate. Drones 250 g–25 kg for recreation: mandatory registration and a Basic Operations certificate (online test). Commercial drones 250 g–25 kg: registration + Basic or Advanced Operations certificate (depending on distance from people). Maximum altitude 122 m (400 ft), VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas around airports, hospitals, nuclear plants and wildfires. Canada is vast — in remote areas rules are more relaxed. The NAV Drone Map (map.navdrone.ca) is the essential planning tool. Commercial pilots need an Advanced Operations certificate for flights closer to people or in controlled airspace.

Mexico regulates drones through AFAC (Agencia Federal de Aviación Civil). Flights are permitted but require conditions to be met. Drones under 2 kg in the free recreational category may fly without a special permit up to 122 m AGL outside controlled airspace. Drones 2–25 kg require registration with AFAC and an operator certificate. Foreign nationals in Mexico may not conduct commercial flights without AFAC approval — Mexican law requires a Mexican certificate or a bilateral agreement. Maximum altitude 122 m (400 ft), VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: 9 km around NAICM (Mexico City), military bases, the US and Guatemala borders. Mexico City is largely a no-fly zone due to its dense airspace. The AFAC platform handles registrations and permits. Commercial operators must hold an AFAC certificate. Visitors are advised to verify regulations before entering Mexico with a drone.

The US regulates drones through the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). Drones under 250 g (0.55 lb) are exempt from registration for recreation but must still comply with airspace and safety rules. Drones 250 g–25 kg for recreation: mandatory registration ($5, valid 3 years) + TRUST online safety test; for commerce: registration + FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate (written exam). Maximum altitude 400 ft (120 m) AGL or above the highest obstacle within 400 ft. VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Washington DC (SFRA), around airports, NPS national parks, military bases. The FAA DroneZone (faadronezone-access.faa.gov) is the mandatory registration platform; B4UFLY app for flight planning. Night flights and flights over people are permitted with a Part 107 certificate and compliance with specific conditions. Remote ID is mandatory since 16 March 2024 for drones above 250 g or operating under a licence.

Argentina regulates drones through ANAC (Administración Nacional de Aviación Civil). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce after registration. Drones under 250 g fall into the Nano category — no registration required for recreation, but general safety rules apply. Drones 250 g–25 kg must be registered with ANAC and the pilot needs an RPAS Operator Certificate. Basic categories: Nano (<250 g), Micro (250 g–2 kg), Leve (2–25 kg), Mediano (25–150 kg). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Buenos Aires TMA, Patagonian national parks (Nahuel Huapi, Los Glaciares) and border zones. Commercial flights require an ANAC operator certificate. The ANAC RPAS portal handles registrations. Visitors are advised to register their drone before arrival.

Bolivia regulates drones through the DGAC Bolivia (Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil). Flights are permitted but require registration. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires registration with the DGAC. Drones 250 g–25 kg must be registered and the pilot needs approval. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Bolivia has no interactive public drone map — zones must be verified directly with the DGAC or via NOTAM. The Andean highlands (Altiplano) and sacred sites (Tiwanaku, Isla del Sol on Lake Titicaca) have local restrictions. The surroundings of La Paz El Alto (the world's highest-altitude international airport) are heavily restricted. Commercial flights require a special DGAC permit. Visitors are advised to contact the DGAC before arrival.

Brazil regulates drones through ANAC (registration) and DECEA (airspace management). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g fall into Class 3 — no registration required for recreation, but the pilot must follow safety rules (altitude, airport distance). Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration in the SISANT system (ANAC) + SARPAS for airspace authorisation. Basic categories: Class 3 (<250 g), Class 2 (250 g–25 kg), Class 1 (above 25 kg). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: São Paulo TCA, Rio de Janeiro TMA, Amazonia (FUNAI indigenous territories), national parks. Commercial pilots must hold an ANAC Remote Pilot Certificate. Flights over populated beaches are prohibited. The SISANT and SARPAS systems are mandatory for planning and authorising flights.

Chile regulates drones through the DGAC Chile (Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g fall into the RPAS Nano category — no registration required for recreation; registration is needed for commercial use. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration with the DGAC and the pilot must complete training. Basic categories: Nano (<250 g), Micro (250 g–2 kg), Mini (2–25 kg). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Santiago metropolitan airspace (SCEL CTR), Torres del Paine NP, the Atacama Desert area (near borders) and Rapa Nui / Easter Island (special restrictions). Commercial operators must hold a DGAC certificate. Chile's 14,000 km coastline has restrictions near ports and military zones. The DGAC portal handles registrations and permits.

Colombia regulates drones through Aerocivil (Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 2 kg in the free category require no special licence for recreation; registration with Aerocivil is recommended. Drones 2–25 kg must be registered and the pilot must hold an Aerocivil Remote Pilot Certificate. Basic categories: ultra-light (<2 kg), light (2–25 kg), medium (25–150 kg). Maximum altitude 122 m (400 ft), VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Bogotá El Dorado TMA, Amazonia (indigenous reserves), borders with Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama. Commercial flights require an Aerocivil operator certificate and approval for each project. The UNESCO old city of Cartagena has special restrictions. The Aerocivil portal handles permit applications.

Costa Rica regulates drones through the DGAC (Dirección General de Aviación Civil) and is one of the most drone-friendly countries in Central America. Drones under 25 kg for recreation require no licence; registration is required for commercial use. Commercial operators must hold a DGAC operator certificate. Basic split: recreational (no licence for sub-25 kg), commercial (certificate required). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Juan Santamaría Airport surroundings (San José), national parks — flying in protected NP areas (Manuel Antonio, Arenal, Corcovado) requires prior SINAC (national parks authority) approval. Flights over indigenous reserves are prohibited. Visitors are advised to check the latest DGAC and SINAC rules for each specific park. Costa Rica has no interactive public drone map.

Ecuador regulates drones through the DGAC Ecuador (Dirección General de Aviación Civil). Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires registration with the DGAC. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration + Remote Pilot Certificate. Basic categories: Micro (<250 g), Pequeño (250 g–25 kg), Mediano (25–150 kg). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. The Galápagos Islands are absolutely off-limits to all civilian drones — no exceptions. The surroundings of Quito (Mariscal Sucre CTR), Amazonia (Yasuní National Park, indigenous territories) and the UNESCO historic centre of Quito are restricted without a permit. Commercial operators must hold a DGAC certificate. Registration is handled through the DGAC Ecuador website.

El Salvador regulates drones through the AAC (Autoridad de Aviación Civil). Flights are permitted with straightforward rules. Drones under 250 g for recreation are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone is recommended to be registered. Commercial operators must hold an AAC operator certificate and compulsory third-party liability insurance. Basic split: recreational (relaxed rules), commercial (AAC certificate required). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: surroundings of Comalapa Airport (San Salvador TMA), military bases, presidential buildings and border zones with Honduras and Guatemala. The Pacific coast has restrictions near ports. The country is small — neighbouring airspace is reached quickly, always monitor your national airspace. The AAC portal handles registrations and commercial permits.

Guatemala regulates drones through the DGAC Guatemala (Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil). Flights are permitted with basic rules. Drones under 250 g (Micro category) for recreation outside restricted areas are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires DGAC registration. Drones 250 g–150 kg are split into three weight categories with corresponding requirements. Basic categories: Micro (<250 g), Pequeño (250 g–25 kg), Mediano (25–150 kg). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Guatemala City TMA, Tikal ruins and Maya archaeological sites require a special permit, military bases. Active volcanoes are hazardous areas. Guatemala has no interactive public drone map. Commercial operators need a DGAC certificate.

Honduras regulates drones through the AHAC (Autoridad de Aeronáutica Civil). Flights are permitted with clearly defined rules. Drones under 250 g for recreation in unrestricted areas are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires AHAC registration ($10 fee). Commercial operators may need additional AHAC permits. Maximum altitude 400 ft (120 m), VLOS mandatory. Precisely defined restricted areas: airports 5 km, uncontrolled aerodromes 3 km, heliports 1 km, presidential palace 2 km, Supreme Court, National Congress, power stations, hospitals, prisons, diplomatic buildings and biological reserves. Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula have dense restrictions. Border areas with Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua are sensitive zones. The AHAC portal handles registrations.

Panama regulates drones through the AAC (Autoridad Aeronáutica Civil) under Resolution 120 (AAC/DSA/DG/01/16). Micro-RPAS (recreational drones under 250 g) require no registration; drones above 250 g or for commercial use must be registered with the AAC ($5 fee). The pilot must hold an AAC Remote Pilot Licence — a specific Panamanian requirement: the applicant must hold or have previously held a manned-aircraft pilot licence. Basic categories: Micro (<250 g), Liviana (250 g–25 kg), Mediana (25–150 kg). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory, max. radius 500 m from the pilot. Restricted areas: the Panama Canal Zone (entire zone), airports 8 km, presidential palace, prisons, embassies. Foreign visitors must submit an advance application with passport, licence, insurance proof and a photo of the drone. Commercial operators need an AAC Operation Certificate. AAC portal: aeronautica.gob.pa.

Paraguay regulates drones through the DINAC (Dirección Nacional de Aeronáutica Civil). Flights are permitted but require conditions to be met. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires DINAC registration. Drones 250 g–25 kg must be registered and the pilot needs the appropriate authorisation. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Paraguay has no interactive public drone map — zones and NOTAMs must be verified directly with DINAC. Restricted areas: surroundings of Silvio Pettirossi Airport (Asunción), military bases and border zones with Brazil and Argentina. Commercial operators must hold a DINAC certificate. The DINAC portal handles applications and registrations.

Peru regulates drones through the AAC (Autoridad de Aviación Civil) and CORPAC (airspace control). Drones under 250 g in the Nano category require no registration for recreation; a camera-equipped drone is recommended to be registered. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration with the AAC + Remote Pilot Certificate. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Critical restrictions: Machu Picchu is an absolute no-fly zone (UNESCO, strictly enforced); the Nasca Lines are off-limits (UNESCO); the Amazon and indigenous territories require special cultural heritage permits. Tourists entering Peru with a drone must declare it at customs. Every flight at a specific location requires AAC approval applied for at least 10 days in advance. Commercial operators must hold an AAC certificate. The AAC portal handles applications and registrations.

Uruguay regulates drones through DINACIA (Dirección Nacional de Aviación Civil e Infraestructura Aeronáutica). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are generally registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires DINACIA registration. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration + Remote Pilot Certificate. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Montevideo and the surroundings of Carrasco Airport are heavily restricted (8 km). The borders with Argentina along the Río de la Plata and with Brazil in the north are sensitive areas. National parks and protected coastal areas (Cabo Polonio, Punta del Este) have restrictions. DINACIA handles registrations and permits through its portal. Commercial operators must hold a DINACIA certificate.

Venezuela regulates drones through the INAC (Instituto Nacional de Aeronáutica Civil). Flights are technically permitted but the country's political and security situation makes practical verification of current rules difficult. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category for recreation; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires INAC registration. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration + operating certificate. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: surroundings of Maiquetía Airport (Caracas), military bases, government buildings and borders with Colombia, Brazil and Guyana. Large areas of western Venezuela are effectively controlled by irregular armed groups — the security situation is serious. We recommend consulting with INAC and your country's embassy before travelling. Commercial operators must hold an INAC certificate.

Australia regulates drones through CASA (Civil Aviation Safety Authority). Drones under 250 g are subject to standard operating conditions — no registration or licence required for recreation; commercial use requires CASA registration. Drones 250 g–2 kg for recreation: standard rules, no licence; for commerce: CASA registration + RPA registrations. Drones 2–25 kg: always registration + Remote Pilot Licence (RePL) issued by an approved REOC. Maximum altitude 120 m (400 ft), 30 m from people, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Sydney CTR, Melbourne CTR, Brisbane CTR, all controlled aerodromes 5.5 km. National parks do not have a blanket ban — each park has its own policy. The Ok2Fly app or CASA Drone Safety is the essential planning tool. Commercial operators must hold a REOC certificate.

China regulates drones through the CAAC (Civil Aviation Administration of China) with strict rules. Drones under 250 g require no registration; drones 250 g–7 kg must be registered in the UOM system (uom.caac.gov.cn) and the pilot must complete a basic online course. Drones 7–25 kg: registration + CAAC Remote Pilot Certificate (Category III). Drones above 25 kg: full CAAC certification. Maximum altitude 120 m without a permit (500 m in approved corridors), VLOS mandatory in the open category. Restricted areas: Beijing (entirely prohibited airspace over the centre), airport surroundings, military bases, administrative buildings, the Three Gorges Dam. China requires Real-ID registration — linked to personal documents. Foreign nationals must register drones in the CAAC system. The DJI GEO system reflects Chinese zones. Commercial flights require CAAC approval and local cooperation.

India regulates drones through the DGCA (Directorate General of Civil Aviation) with an interactive Green/Yellow/Red zone map. Drones under 250 g (Nano category) may fly in Green zones without registration or a permit up to 50 m; Yellow zones require registration. Drones 250 g–2 kg (Micro): mandatory registration on Digital Sky (digitalsky.dgca.gov.in). Drones 2–25 kg (Small): registration + RPAS Remote Pilot Certificate (RPC). Basic categories: Nano (<250 g), Micro (250 g–2 kg), Small (2–25 kg), Medium (25–150 kg), Large (above 150 kg). Green zone: max. 400 ft, no permit needed. Yellow zone: permit required. Red zone: prohibited. Restricted areas: New Delhi (large Red Zone), airport surroundings, international borders, strategic locations. The Digital Sky portal is the mandatory platform. Commercial pilots must hold an RPC.

Indonesia regulates drones through the MCAA / DGCA Indonesia (Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone is recommended to be registered. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory DGCA registration + pilot certificate. Basic categories: Nano (<250 g), Kecil (250 g–7 kg), Menengah (7–150 kg). Maximum altitude 150 m without a permit, VLOS mandatory. Indonesia has over 17,000 islands — rules may differ by region. Restricted areas: Jakarta airspace (Soekarno-Hatta CTR), Bali (Ngurah Rai CTR — tourists need a permit), military bases, Komodo and Gunung Rinjani national parks. Commercial operators must hold a DGCA certificate. The DGCA Indonesia portal handles applications.

Japan regulates drones through MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) and the CAB. Since 2022 Japan has very strict rules — mandatory registration for all drones above 100 g. Drones under 100 g require no registration; drones above 100 g must be registered in DIPS 2.0 (ossportal.dips.mlit.go.jp) and carry a Remote ID module. Pilots for standard flights (Category I) must complete an online test. Category II operations (over people, beyond VLOS) require a Remote Pilot Licence (national exam). Maximum altitude 150 m without a permit, VLOS mandatory in the basic category. Restricted areas: Tokyo, all airports within 9 km, Dense Inhabited Districts (DID) have flight restrictions. Flights in DID zones, over people, at night and beyond VLOS require DIPS 2.0 approval filed at least 10 days in advance. Commercial operators and complex operations require Category II or III certification.

Malaysia regulates drones through the CAAM (Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights in unrestricted areas are registration-free; a camera-equipped or commercial drone is recommended to be registered. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory CAAM registration. Basic categories by weight: sub-250 g (free), 250 g–7 kg (registration), 7–25 kg (certificate required). Maximum altitude 122 m (400 ft), VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Kuala Lumpur airspace (KLIA CTR — Sepang), Putrajaya (government complex), military bases and borders with Thailand, Indonesia and Brunei. Sabah and Sarawak (Borneo) have local specifics. Commercial operators must hold a CAAM UAS Operator Certificate. The CAAM portal handles registrations and permits.

New Zealand regulates drones through the CAA New Zealand (Civil Aviation Authority) with the AirShare platform. Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g follow standard rules (Part 101) — no registration required for recreation; commercial operations follow 250 g+ category rules. Drones 250 g–25 kg: for recreation no certificate required but Part 101 rules apply; for commerce a Part 102 certificate (UAS Operator Certificate) is needed. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Auckland, Wellington CTR, within 4 km of airports, DOC protected areas (Fiordland, Westland and Mt Cook NPs have strict restrictions). Kakapo Recovery Programme areas are absolutely off-limits (critically endangered species protection). AirShare.co.nz is the key planning tool. Commercial operators need a CAA NZ certificate.

The Philippines regulates drones through the CAAP (Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines). Flights are permitted but require conditions to be met. Drones under 7 kg in the free category may fly for recreation in uncontrolled airspace without a special permit; in controlled airspace or for commercial use a permit is required. Drones 7–25 kg: mandatory CAAP registration. Basic categories: light (<7 kg), medium (7–25 kg), heavy (above 25 kg). Maximum altitude 122 m (400 ft), VLOS mandatory. The Philippines has over 7,600 islands — rules may differ locally. Restricted areas: Manila TMA, Ninoy Aquino Airport surroundings (4 km), military bases, the Malacañang presidential palace, Boracay and tourist islands have restrictions (especially over beaches). Commercial operators must hold a CAAP certificate. The CAAP portal handles applications.

Singapore regulates drones through the CAAS (Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore). The rules are among the strictest in the world — strict but transparent. Drones under 250 g for recreation in approved flying areas require no Operator Permit or special licence, but registration with CAAS is mandatory. From 1 December 2025, all drones above 250 g must have Broadcast Remote ID (B-RID). Drones 250 g–7 kg: CAAS registration + Unmanned Aircraft Pilot Licence (UAPL) for commercial use. Maximum altitude 200 ft (60 m) without a permit, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Marina Bay, Changi Airport 5 km, Sentosa, government buildings — most of Singapore is either prohibited or conditional. The FlyItSafe app (CAAS) is a mandatory tool. The OneMap platform shows approved flying areas. Commercial operators must hold a CAAS Operator Permit. Fines can reach S$50,000 or 2 years' imprisonment.

South Korea regulates drones through MOLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) and MOTIE. Drones under 250 g require no registration for recreation; registration is recommended for commercial use. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration in the DroneOne system (drone.onestop.go.kr). Drones above 7 kg or for commercial use require a Remote Pilot Licence (national exam). Basic categories: <250 g (free), 250 g–7 kg (registration), 7–25 kg (licence), above 25 kg (full certification). Maximum altitude 150 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Seoul (dense CTR — practically impossible to fly without a special permit), the Demilitarised Zone (DMZ) — absolutely off-limits, airport surroundings, the presidential Cheong Wa Dae compound. The DroneOne platform handles registrations and permits. Flights in airspace classes A–E require MOLIT approval.

Thailand regulates drones through the CAAT (Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand). Flights are permitted for recreation and commerce. Drones under 250 g fall into the lightest category — recreational flights without a camera are registration-free in unrestricted areas; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires CAAT registration. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration + Remote Pilot Certificate for commercial operations. Basic categories by weight: <250 g (free), 250 g–25 kg (registration + certificate depending on use). Maximum altitude 90 m (300 ft) without a permit in uncontrolled airspace. Restricted areas: Bangkok Suvarnabhumi and Don Mueang CTR, royal palace and government buildings, military bases; tourist areas Pattaya, Phuket and Chiang Mai have restrictions around airports. Flights over crowds or public gatherings are prohibited. The CAAT portal handles applications and registrations. Commercial operators must hold a CAAT certificate.

Jordan regulates drones through the CARC (Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission). Flights are permitted but require prior authorisation. Drones under 250 g for recreation may fly in unrestricted areas without a full permit; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires CARC registration. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration + Remote Pilot Certificate. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Amman (OJAI CTR), military bases, royal palaces and government buildings, borders with Israel, Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. The tourist sites of Petra and Wadi Rum have restrictions — drones at Petra are prohibited without a special permit from the Ministry of Tourism. Commercial operators must hold a CARC certificate. Foreign visitors are advised to contact the CARC before arrival.

Qatar regulates drones through the CAA Qatar (Qatar Civil Aviation Authority). Drones under 250 g for recreation in approved areas require no special permit; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires CAA registration. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration + Remote Pilot Certificate for commercial use. Basic split: recreational (more relaxed), commercial (certificate required). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Doha airspace (Hamad International Airport CTR — one of the busiest in the Middle East), military bases, the government quarter and 2022 World Cup stadiums. Qatar is a small state with a dense airspace — approved flying areas are limited. Commercial operators must hold a CAA Qatar certificate. The CAA Qatar portal handles applications and registrations.

Saudi Arabia regulates drones through the GACA (General Authority of Civil Aviation). Flights are permitted but strictly regulated. Drones under 250 g for recreation in unrestricted areas; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires GACA registration. Drones 250 g–25 kg: registration + Remote Pilot Licence. Basic split: recreational (conditional), commercial (GACA certificate required). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Mecca and Medina — drones are absolutely prohibited in the entire sacred territory; Riyadh airspace (King Khalid Airport CTR); military and royal installations. Tourists may fly in permitted areas (desert landscapes) after verifying on the GACA map. Commercial operators must hold a GACA certificate. The GACA portal handles registrations and permits.

The UAE regulates drones through the GCAA (General Civil Aviation Authority) and locally through the DCAA (Dubai Civil Aviation Authority) for Dubai. The UAE is one of the most progressive countries in the Middle East for drones. Drones under 250 g (Category 1) for recreation in approved zones may fly after GCAA registration without a pilot licence. Drones 250 g–25 kg (Category 2): registration + Remote Pilot Licence (theory + practical). Drones above 25 kg (Category 3): full certification. Maximum altitude 90–150 m (depending on the emirate and zone), VLOS mandatory. Dubai has extensive DFZA (Drone Free Zone Areas) — the Dubai city centre and surroundings of the Burj Khalifa are strictly restricted. Abu Dhabi, Sharjah and other emirates have their own local rules. The UAEDroneFly.com platform shows the interactive zone map. Commercial operators must hold a GCAA certificate. Foreign visitors must register their drone before entering the UAE.

Ethiopia regulates drones through the ECAA (Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority). Flights are permitted but require prior authorisation. Drones under 250 g for recreation may follow a slightly simplified process; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires ECAA registration. Drones 250 g–25 kg: mandatory registration + Remote Pilot Certificate. Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Addis Ababa airspace (Bole International Airport CTR), military bases, government buildings and borders with Eritrea, Somalia and Djibouti. Ethiopia has extensive natural areas (Simien Mountains NP, Danakil Depression) — flights in national parks require EWCA (Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority) approval. Commercial operators must hold an ECAA certificate. Foreign visitors are advised to contact the ECAA and a local partner before arrival.

Kenya regulates drones through the KCAA (Kenya Civil Aviation Authority). Kenya has some of the most developed drone regulations in sub-Saharan Africa. Drones under 0.5 kg (500 g) are exempt from registration for recreation; a camera-equipped or commercial drone requires registration. Drones 0.5–25 kg: mandatory registration + Remote Pilot Licence. Basic categories: Sub-category 1 (<0.5 kg), Sub-category 2 (0.5–25 kg), Sub-category 3 (above 25 kg). Maximum altitude 400 ft (120 m), VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Nairobi airspace (JKIA CTR), game reserves and national parks — Maasai Mara, Amboseli and Tsavo require special KWS (Kenya Wildlife Service) permits. Flights over wildlife are regulated. Commercial operators must hold a KCAA operator certificate. The KCAA portal handles registrations and permits.

Morocco regulates drones through the ANAC (Autorité Nationale de l'Aviation Civile). Flights are permitted but require prior registration and approval. Drones under 800 g fall into the lightest category; drones above 800 g or camera-equipped drones used commercially require ANAC registration + Remote Pilot Certificate. Basic categories by weight (800 g as the main threshold). Maximum altitude 150 m, VLOS mandatory. Morocco has a strict policy on drones in historic medinas (Marrakech, Fez, Meknes, Essaouira) — flights are prohibited without a special permit. Military bases, royal palaces and borders with Spain (Ceuta, Melilla) and Algeria are off-limits. The Saharan Moroccan desert areas are sensitive due to proximity to Mauritania. Commercial operators must hold an ANAC certificate. The ANAC portal handles applications.

Nigeria regulates drones through the NCAA (Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority). Nigeria has introduced some of the strictest drone rules in sub-Saharan Africa. Drones of any weight require NCAA registration — no exemption exists for light categories. The pilot must hold an NCAA Remote Pilot Licence (RPL) for commercial and recreational flights with drones above 250 g. Basic categories: Micro (<250 g), Mini (250 g–25 kg), Small (25–150 kg). Maximum altitude 120 m (400 ft), VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Abuja airspace (Nnamdi Azikiwe CTR), Lagos airspace (Murtala Muhammed CTR), military bases, the presidential palace and Niger Delta coastline. The Boko Haram conflict area in north-eastern Nigeria is extremely dangerous. Commercial operators must hold an NCAA operator certificate. The NCAA portal handles applications and registrations.

South Africa regulates drones through the SACAA (South African Civil Aviation Authority) under Part 101. Recreational drones under 7 kg (non-commercial hobby use) fall into the free category — no registration required, but the pilot must follow safety rules. Any recreational drone above 7 kg or any commercial drone: mandatory SACAA registration + Remote Pilot Licence (RPL) issued by an approved ATO. Basic split: hobby (<7 kg without registration), commercial (always RPL and registration). Maximum altitude 122 m (400 ft), VLOS mandatory; BVLOS permitted only with an exemption. Restricted areas: Johannesburg airspace (OR Tambo CTR), Cape Town CTR; SANParks national parks have individual policies (Kruger NP — enquiry required). Coastal areas may have restrictions to protect birdlife. Commercial operators must hold a SACAA certificate and RPL. The SACAA portal handles registrations.

Tanzania regulates drones through the TCAA (Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority). Tanzania has tightened its rules in recent years. Drones of any weight require TCAA registration — no sub-250 g exemption exists. The pilot must hold a TCAA Remote Pilot Certificate for commercial use; recreational pilots need registration and a basic confirmation. Basic split: recreational (registration + rules), commercial (certificate + registration). Maximum altitude 120 m, VLOS mandatory. Restricted areas: Dar es Salaam airspace (Julius Nyerere CTR), Zanzibar Airport CTR, Kilimanjaro NP (absolute ban — UNESCO), Serengeti NP and Ngorongoro (flights over wildlife regulated by TANAPA). The Zanzibar and Indian Ocean coastline has restrictions. Commercial operators must hold a TCAA certificate. The TCAA portal handles applications and registrations.